@article {2677,
	title = {Muslimah Media Watch: Media activism and Muslim choreographies of social change},
	journal = {Journalism },
	year = {2013},
	abstract = {This article explores media activism in the Muslim context by focusing on the blog, Muslimah Media Watch. It analyzes the significance of blogging as an activist tool used by a group of Muslim women to influence an ongoing and contested process of social change in Islam. Through interviews with the founder and bloggers of the site and a textual analysis of the blog posts, the author focuses on the aesthetic forms and discursive practices of digital Muslim activism and argues that projects such as Muslimah Media Watch should be evaluated not in terms of a revolutionary subversion of hegemonic discourse on gender in Islam, but rather as part of small but consistent disruptive flows of dissent which are significant precisely because of the nature of their intervention and the tactics of their resistance. The blog has also become a prime discursive and performative space where young Muslims debate and contest what it means to be modern in transnational settings.},
	url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1464884913478360},
	author = {Echchaibi, Nabil}
}
@article {135,
	title = {Hyper-fundamentalism? Mediating Islam from the halal website to the Islamic talk show},
	journal = {Journal of Arab and Muslim Media Research},
	year = {2008},
	abstract = {Islam is going through a fundamental diffusion of religious knowledge and authority. Media technologies like the Web and satellite television are facilitating the emergence of a new breadth of Islam in the public sphere in Muslim societies and amongst Muslims in diaspora. Deeply influenced by the global and local dynamics of consumer culture, the proponents of this new Islam are more media-savvy and less dogmatic on how Islam should be mediated than their conservative counterparts. Unlike in the politically engaged Islam, the architects of this new trend are younger Muslims with more business skills than religious knowledge. From websites advertising the latest fashions in Islamic dress and others offering halal versions to non-Islamic foods such as the Italian Salami, the German Sausage or McDonald{\textquoteright}s burger to television shows encouraging Muslims to use their religion as a success formula for spiritual self-fulfillment and material achievement, the new economic liberalism of Islam is certainly modern in its mediation, but is its substance as liberal as the form? 
This paper examines how the new religious media are constructing the image of the modern Muslim and what kind of religious identities and subjectivities emerge as a result of a purely material consumption that is religiously committed. My analysis is based on a textual analysis of a popular Islamic television show on Iqra{\textquoteright}, a 24-hour Saudi religious channel that prides itself in being the first Islamic entertainment },
	keywords = {Islam, satellite television, new media, Islamic authority, consumer culture, Amr Khaled},
	url = {http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/2/9/9/9/1/pages299913/p299913-1.php},
	author = {Echchaibi, Nabil}
}
@article {134,
	title = {From the pulpit to the studio: Islam{\textquoteright}s internal battle},
	journal = {Media Development Online},
	year = {2007},
	abstract = {In February 2006, when Wafa Sultan, a Syrian-American activist in Southern California who advocates secularism in Muslim countries, defiantly told an Islamic sheikh on a widely popular Al-Jazeera news show {\textquoteright}to shut up and lis- ten, it{\textquoteright}s my turn{\textquoteright}, she knew she was making history on Arab television. Never before has the authority of Islam represented on this show by a conserva- tive sheikh from. Cairo{\textquoteright}s famed Al-Azhar University been challenged in a similarly brazen way by another Muslim, and much less so by a woman.},
	keywords = {Islam, Muslim},
	url = {http://rolandoperez.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/nabil-echchaibi.pdf},
	author = {Echchaibi, Nabil}
}
@article {2686,
	title = {From audio tapes to video blogs: the delocalisation of authority in Islam},
	journal = {Nations and Nationalism},
	year = {2011},
	abstract = {Today, a new breed of charismatic and media-savvy religious figures are reinvigorating internal debates on Islam by drawing large audiences across the Muslim world and the Muslim diaspora in the West. Using satellite media, websites, blogs and video blogs, these new religious celebrities are changing the nature of debate in Islam from a doctrinaire discourse to a practical discussion that focuses on individual enterprise as a spiritual quest. These leaders have become religious entrepreneurs, with sophisticated networks of message distribution and media presence. From Amr Khaled and Moez Masood, two leading figures of Arab Islamic entertainment television, to Baba Ali, a famous Muslim video blogger from California, Islam has never been more marketable. Satellite television and the internet are becoming fertile discursive spaces where not only religious meanings are reconfigured but also new Islamic experiences are mediated transnationally. This delocalisation of Islamic authority beyond the traditional sources of Egypt and Saudi Arabia is generating new producers and locales of religious meaning in Dubai, London, Paris and Los Angeles. This article examines the impact of celebrity religious figures and their new media technologies on the relativisation of authority in Islam and the emergence of a cosmopolitan transnational audience of Muslims. I ask if this transnational and seemingly apolitical effort is generating a new form of religious nationalism that devalues the importance of national loyalties.},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-8129.2010.00468.x},
	author = {Echchaibi, Nabil}
}
@book {2679,
	title = {Voicing Diasporas: Ethnic Radio in Paris and Berlin Between Cultural Renewal and Retention},
	year = {2011},
	publisher = {Lexington Books},
	organization = {Lexington Books},
	abstract = {The events of 9/11 have cast a shadow of suspicion on Muslims in Western Europe and fostered a public discourse of arbitrary associations with violence and resistance to social and cultural integration. The antagonistic ascendancy of militant Islam globally and the anxiety this has engendered are animating day-to-day debates on the place and loyalty of Muslims in Western societies. Exploring the neglected reality of ethnic radio in Paris and Berlin, Voicing Diasporas: Ethnic Radio in Paris and Berlin Between Cultural Renewal and Retention examines how Muslim minorities of North African descent in France and Germany resist these glaring generalizations and challenge bounded narratives and laws of cultural citizenship in both countries. Through an analysis of Beur FM in Paris and Radio Multikulti in Berlin, this book also questions the reductionist view of diasporic media as expressions of longing, nostalgia, and cultural dislocation. This ground-breaking study is as essential read for not only scholars and higher educational students in various fields, but for those interested in this ever-changing, topical issue.},
	url = {https://www.amazon.com/Voicing-Diasporas-Retention-Francophone-Postcolonial-ebook/dp/B005HIK942},
	author = {Echchaibi, Nabil}
}
