@article {62,
	title = {{\textquotedblleft}In-Line Religion{\textquotedblright}: Innovative Pastoral Applications of the New Information and Communication Technologies (NICTS) by the Catholic Church in Nigeria},
	journal = {Politics and Religion},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {79-98},
	abstract = {This paper joins the growing corpus of literature on the relationship between religion and the new information and communication technologies in Africa. However, the case I will be presenting may not fall neatly into the two afore-mentioned categories. That is why I termed it innovative, and would classify it as an in-line religion, {\textquoteleft}in{\textquoteright} standing for indirect religious application of NICT. This paper thus advances a new perspective in studying the application of new information and communication technologies in religious belief and praxis in Africa.},
	url = {http://www.politicsandreligionjournal.com/images/pdf_files/srpski/godina2_broj2/ihejirika.pdf},
	author = {Walter C. Ihejirka}
}
@article {158,
	title = {Message of the Holy Father for the XXIV World Communications Day: The christian message in a computer culture},
	year = {1990},
	url = {<http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/messages/communications/documents/hf_jp-ii_mes_24011990_world-communications-day_en.html>},
	author = {Pope John Paul II}
}
@article {161,
	title = {Message of the Holy Father for the 36TH World Communications Day -- Internet: A New Forum for Proclaiming the Gospel},
	year = {2002},
	url = {http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/messages/communications/documents/hf_jp-ii_mes_20020122_world-communications-day_en.html},
	author = {Pope John Paul II}
}
@article {2704,
	title = {Facebook as a Site for Inter-religious Encounters: A Case Study from Finland},
	journal = {Journal of Contemporary Religion},
	year = {2015},
	abstract = {The aim of this article is to analyse the social networking site Facebook as a possible platform for inter-religious dialogue. Building on a case study{\textemdash}an attack on a Buddhist temple in Turku, Finland, and the consequent interaction that took place online immediately following the attack{\textemdash}the article investigates the strengths and limitations of social networking sites such as Facebook for encountering and connecting with religious others. The ethnographic material{\textemdash}consisting of both Internet material and interviews with concerned parties{\textemdash}is discussed in close connection with current research on religion, social media, and discussions online. Themes that are highlighted include stereotypes and superficiality as assumed aspects of online conversations, the role of power in dialogue{\textemdash}both offline and online, and symbolic communicative actions and social networking sites.},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13537903.2015.1081341?journalCode=cjcr20},
	author = {Illman, Ruth and Sj{\"o}, Sofia}
}
@book {1295,
	title = {The New Arab Man: Emergent Masculinities, Technologies, and Islam in the Middle East},
	year = {2012},
	publisher = {Princeton University Press },
	organization = {Princeton University Press },
	abstract = {Middle Eastern Muslim men have been widely vilified as terrorists, religious zealots, and brutal oppressors of women. The New Arab Man challenges these stereotypes with the stories of ordinary Middle Eastern men as they struggle to overcome infertility and childlessness through assisted reproduction.

Drawing on two decades of ethnographic research across the Middle East with hundreds of men from a variety of social and religious backgrounds, Marcia Inhorn shows how the new Arab man is self-consciously rethinking the patriarchal masculinity of his forefathers and unseating received wisdoms. This is especially true in childless Middle Eastern marriages where, contrary to popular belief, infertility is more common among men than women. Inhorn captures the marital, moral, and material commitments of couples undergoing assisted reproduction, revealing how new technologies are transforming their lives and religious sensibilities. And she looks at the changing manhood of husbands who undertake transnational "egg quests"--set against the backdrop of war and economic uncertainty--out of devotion to the infertile wives they love.

Trenchant and emotionally gripping, The New Arab Man traces the emergence of new masculinities in the Middle East in the era of biotechnology.},
	keywords = {Arab, Islam, male, Masculinities, men, Middle East, Muslim, stereotypes, Technologies},
	url = {http://press.princeton.edu/titles/9758.html},
	author = {Marcia C. Inhorn}
}
@article {148,
	title = {Niches in the Islamic Religious Market and Fundamentalism: Examples from Turkey and Other Countries},
	journal = {Interdisciplinary Journal of Research of Religion  },
	volume = {1},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {1-22},
	abstract = {The article applies the theory of religious niches to the intra-Islamic religious markets, with a special focus on Turkey. In normal conditions, these niches conform to general principles of religious economy. The ultrastrict and strict niches are smaller than the {\textquotedblleft}central{\textquotedblright} moderate and conservative niches. Distortions in religious economies occur in what the article calls {\textquotedblleft}religious war economies{\textquotedblright} (i.e., military conflicts perceived as religious) and {\textquotedblleft}economies of war against religion{\textquotedblright} (i.e., governmental intervention against all organized religious groups). In the first case (e.g., Palestine, Iraq), there is in fact a war-caused modification of religious demand, with an expanded demand for ultrastrict religion. In the second case (e.g., Algeria, Turkey before 2002), the state effectively prevents moderate and conservative religious supply to meet the demand, with the unintended effect that in part this demand is captured by the ultrastrict groups, which are much more accustomed to operating illegally or against state pressure. Data about Turkey after the 2002 and 2004 elections confirm that when conservative and moderate religious supply is free to operate, ultrastrict alternatives enjoy only limited success.
},
	url = {http://www.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005\&context=ijrr},
	author = {Introvigne, Massimo}
}
@inbook {230,
	title = {A symbolic universe. Information terrorism and new religions in cyberspace},
	booktitle = {Religion and Cyberspace},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {102-117},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {In the twenty-first century, religious life is increasingly moving from churches, mosques and temples onto the Internet. Today, anyone can go online and seek a new form of religious expression without ever encountering a physical place of worship, or an ordained teacher or priest. The digital age offers virtual worship, cyber-prayers and talk-boards for all of the major world faiths, as well as for pagan organisations and new religious movements. It also abounds with misinformation, religious bigotry and information terrorism. Scholars of religion need to understand the emerging forum that the web offers to religion, and the kinds of religious and social interaction that it enables. <br>Religion and Cyberspace explores how religious individuals and groups are responding to the opportunities and challenges that cyberspace brings. It asks how religious experience is generated and enacted online, and how faith is shaped by factors such as limitless choice, lack of religious authority, and the conflict between recognised and non-recognised forms of worship. Combining case studies with the latest theory, its twelve chapters examine topics including the history of online worship, virtuality versus reality in cyberspace, religious conflict in digital contexts, and the construction of religious identity online. Focusing on key themes in this groundbreaking area, it is an ideal introduction to the fascinating questions that religion on the Internet presents.},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=KxSmkuySB28C\&pg=PA102\&lpg=PA102\&dq=A+symbolic+universe.+Information+terrorism+and+new+religions+in+cyberspace\&source=bl\&ots=0g7s_vZDjJ\&sig=Vq5Q0EyKiK4h1OPdqI5QlpOHaeI\&hl=en\&ei=_mG8Tp7CMeHK2AW1nOG0BQ\&sa=X\&oi=book_result\&ct=},
	author = {Introvingne, Massimo}
}
@inbook {229,
	title = {So Many Evil Things: Anti-Cult Terrorism via the Internet},
	booktitle = {Religion on the Internet: Research prospects and promises},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {277-306},
	publisher = {JAI Press},
	organization = {JAI Press},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {Religion on the Internet is the first systematic inquiry into the nature, scope and content of religion in cyberspace. Contributors to this volume include leading social scientists engaged in systematic studies of how organizations and individuals are presenting religion on the Internet. Their combined efforts provide a conceptual mapping of religion in cyberspace at this moment. The individual papers and collective insights found in this volume add up to a valuable agenda of research that will enrich understanding of this new phenomenon. Among the contributors are the founders of three of the most important scholarly religion web sites on the Internet: American Religion Data Archive, Religious Tolerance, and Religious Movements Homepage.<br>Religion and the Internet is essential reading for all who seek to understand how religion is being presented on the Internet and how this topic is likely to unfold in the years ahead.},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books/about/Religion_on_the_Internet.html?id=xXVgQgAACAAJ},
	author = {Introvingne, Massimo}
}
@book {429,
	title = {Baraetika suru shukyo バラエティ化する宗教 (Religion transformed into entertainment)},
	year = {2010},
	publisher = {Seikyusha},
	organization = {Seikyusha},
	address = {Tokyo},
	author = {Kenji Ishii}
}
