@article {2967,
	title = {Starting a Northland house church},
	journal = {Northland Wb Log},
	year = {2008},
	url = {http://www.northlandchurch.net/blogs/starting_a_northland_house_church/},
	author = {Lacich, D.}
}
@article {2793,
	title = {The netlore of the infinite: death (and beyond) in the digital memory ecology},
	journal = {New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia},
	year = {2015},
	abstract = {In an era that celebrates instantaneity and hyper-connectivity, compulsions of networked individualism coexist with technological obsolescence, amounting to a sense of fragmentation and a heightened tension between remembering and forgetting. This article argues, however, that in our era of absolute presence, a netlore of the infinite is emerging, precisely in and through our digital memory practices. This is visible in the ubiquitous meaning-making practices of for instance personal digital archiving through the urges for self-perpetuation; it is evident at sites where the self may be saved for posterity; it is discernible in the techno-spiritual practices of directly speaking to the dead on digital memorials, as well as in the tendency among some users to regard the Internet itself as a manifestation of eternity, {\textquotedblleft}heaven{\textquotedblright} and the sacred. This article shows that by approaching digital memory cultures existentially, and by attending to the complexities of digital time, we may gain insights into important and paradoxical aspects of our existential terrains of connectivity. This makes possible an exploration into how people navigate and create meaning in the digital memory ecology{\textemdash}in seeking to ground a sense of the eternal in the ephemeral.},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13614568.2014.983563},
	author = {Lagerkvist, Amanda}
}
@article {2798,
	title = {Existential media: Toward a theorization of digital thrownness},
	journal = {New Media \& Society},
	year = {2017},
	abstract = {Our digitally enforced lifeworld is an existential and ambivalent terrain. Questions concerning digital technologies are thus questions about human existence. This theoretical essay employs key concepts from existential philosophy to envision an existential media analysis that accounts for the thrownness of digital human existence. Tracing our digital thrownness to four emergent fields of inquiry, that relate to classic themes (death, time, being there, and being-in-and-with-the-world), it encircles both mundane connectivity and the extraordinary limit-situations (online) when our human vulnerability is principally felt and our security is shaken. In place of a savvy user, this article posits the {\textquotedblleft}exister{\textquotedblright} as the principal subject in media studies and inhabitant of the digital ecology{\textemdash}a stumbling, hurting, and relational human being, who navigates within limits and among interruptions through the torrents of our digital existence, in search for meaning and existential security.},
	url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1461444816649921?journalCode=nmsa},
	author = {Lagerkvist, Amanda}
}
@article {2968,
	title = {Relational authority and legitimacy in international relations},
	journal = {American Behavioral Scientist},
	year = {2009},
	abstract = {This article develops a theory of relational authority in the most unpromising setting of international relations. Relational authority locates legitimacy in a social contract between a ruler, who provides a social order of value to the ruled, and the ruled, who comply with the ruler{\textquoteright}s commands necessary to the production of that order. International politics are nearly universally assumed to be an anarchy devoid of authority. Through the lens of relational authority, however, one sees that relations between states are better described as a rich variety of hierarchies in which dominant states legitimately rule over greater or lesser domains of policy in subordinate states. After contrasting alternative approaches to authority, the article identifies international hierarchies and summarizes a suite of measures that capture variations between the United States and other states. The article then deduces a set of international behaviors that follows from relational authority and demonstrates that (a) the United States is more likely to join international disputes in which its subordinates are involved and (b) subordinates acknowledge the authority of the dominant state by engaging in actions of symbolic obeisance, of which the most costly and salient form is following the United States into war.},
	url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002764209338796},
	author = {Lake, D.}
}
@inbook {233,
	title = {Christian Web Sites: Usage and Desires},
	booktitle = {Religion and Cyberspace},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {166-179},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {In the twenty-first century, religious life is increasingly moving from churches, mosques and temples onto the Internet. Today, anyone can go online and seek a new form of religious expression without ever encountering a physical place of worship, or an ordained teacher or priest. The digital age offers virtual worship, cyber-prayers and talk-boards for all of the major world faiths, as well as for pagan organisations and new religious movements. It also abounds with misinformation, religious bigotry and information terrorism. Scholars of religion need to understand the emerging forum that the web offers to religion, and the kinds of religious and social interaction that it enables. <br>Religion and Cyberspace explores how religious individuals and groups are responding to the opportunities and challenges that cyberspace brings. It asks how religious experience is generated and enacted online, and how faith is shaped by factors such as limitless choice, lack of religious authority, and the conflict between recognised and non-recognised forms of worship. Combining case studies with the latest theory, its twelve chapters examine topics including the history of online worship, virtuality versus reality in cyberspace, religious conflict in digital contexts, and the construction of religious identity online. Focusing on key themes in this groundbreaking area, it is an ideal introduction to the fascinating questions that religion on the Internet presents.},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=KxSmkuySB28C\&pg=PA177\&lpg=PA177\&dq=Christian+Web+Sites:+Usage+and+Desires.+In+Religion+and+Cyberspace\&source=bl\&ots=0g7s_v_zkO\&sig=ho3t4ZAKb9c4a6UVFxcUyQD-fKY\&hl=en\&ei=ZmS8To2lBbOA2AX89ZmQBQ\&sa=X\&oi=book_result\&ct=result\&r},
	author = {Laney, Michael}
}
@article {190,
	title = {CyberFaith: How Americans Pursue Religion Online},
	year = {2001},
	abstract = {The 25\% of Internet users who have searched online for religious information parallel the profile of the American population at large. However, the intensity of religious devotion of {\textquotedblleft}Religion Surfers{\textquotedblright} distinguishes them from the general population. Some 81\% of online Religion Surfers describe their commitment to faith as {\textquotedblleft}very strong,{\textquotedblright} compared to only 19\% of the population as a whole. The top uses of the Internet by Religion Surfers are simply to find information on their own faith or another one. Old-fashioned face-to-face socializing is much more appealing to Religion Surfers than tech-aided interactions with others that are related to faith. In our sample of 500 Religion Surfers, 9\% of them had looked for religious or spiritual information via the Internet on the same day we reached them, 26\% had gone online for such information within the past week, 29\% had made the search within the past month, 26\% had made the search in the past six months and 9\% had performed the search more than six months ago.},
	url = {http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2001/CyberFaith-How-Americans-Pursue-Religion-Online.aspx},
	author = {Larsen, Elena}
}
@article {610,
	title = {Wired Churches, Wired Temples: Taking Congregations and Missions into Cyberspace},
	journal = {Pew Internet and American Life Project },
	year = {2000},
	month = {12/2000},
	keywords = {churches, congregations, internet, Missions, temples, wired},
	url = {http://www.umcom.org/atf/cf/\%7B60c02017-4f6a-4f3b-883a-4afaece1182f\%7D/PEWWIREDCHURCHES.PDF},
	author = {Larsen, E.}
}
@inbook {191,
	title = {CyberFaith: How Americans Pursue Religion Online},
	booktitle = {Religion Online: Finding Faith on the Internet},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {17-22},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {After sex, religion is one of the most popular and pervasive topics of interest online, with over three million Americans turning to the internet each day for religious information and spiritual guidance. Tens of thousands of elaborate websites are dedicated to every manner of expression. Religion Online provides an accessible and comprehensive introduction to this burgeoning new religious reality, from cyberpilgrimages to neo-pagan chatroom communities. A substantial introduction by the editors presenting the main themes and issues is followed by sixteen chapters addressing core issues of concern such as youth, religion and the internet, new religious movements and recruitment, propaganda and the countercult, and religious tradition and innovation. The volume also includes the Pew Internet and American Life Project Executive Summary, the most comprehensive and widely cited study on how Americans pursue religion online, and Steven O{\textquoteright}Leary{\textquoteright}s field-defining Cyberspace as SacredSpace.},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=xy0PJrrWXH4C\&pg=PA16\&lpg=PA16\&dq=CyberFaith:+How+Americans+Pursue+Religion+Online\%5C\&source=bl\&ots=ahRdNYG5qO\&sig=pxouYig_5q0zXrshy1fCj7Xzorg\&hl=en\&ei=Yzu4TuvzJuS3sQKYpe3pAw\&sa=X\&oi=book_result\&ct=result\&resnum=7\&ved=0CEMQ},
	author = {Larsen, Elena}
}
@article {2969,
	title = {5 considerations for digital age leaders},
	journal = {Learning and Leading with Technology},
	year = {2009},
	url = {https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ867962.pdf},
	author = {Larson, L. and Miller, T. and Ribble, M.}
}
@article {611,
	title = {The Death of a Virtual Muslim Discussion Group: Issues and Methods in Analysing Religion on the Net },
	journal = {Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet },
	volume = {1},
	year = {2005},
	abstract = {In his article, G{\"o}ran Larsson analzyes Islamic online discussion group. All the suggested approaches are tested against data taken from the largest Swedish Muslim discussion group, Sveriges F{\"o}renade CyberMuslimer (SFCM). },
	keywords = {communication technology, forum, information, methodology, Muslim minorities, Sweden},
	url = {http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/frontdoor.php?source_opus=5825},
	author = {Larsson, G.}
}
@article {52,
	title = {Cyber-Islamophobia? The case of WikiIslam},
	journal = {Contemporary Islam},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2007},
	month = {31 March 2007},
	pages = {53-67},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	address = {Dordrecht, Netherlands},
	abstract = {A large amount of academic research has analysed and documented the fact that Muslims are often presented in a negative or stereotypical way in Western media and popular culture. This article focuses on how the Internet can also be used in spreading and publishing anti-Islamic and anti-Muslim opinions. Although the Internet is significant in the development of contemporary society, no studies have focused on the importance of information and communication technologies in spreading Islamophobic opinions. However, the new technologies can also be used for monitoring and combating Islamophobia, and many Muslim organisations are today using the Internet for these purposes. The article is based on an indepth analysis of both anti-Muslim and pro-Muslim homepages that can be related to the debate over Islamophobia.},
	keywords = {internet, Islam, Islamophobia, Reactive identities},
	url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/p02g0g86387j4t62/},
	author = {G{\"o}ran Larsson}
}
@article {59,
	title = {God on the Internet},
	volume = {158},
	year = {2005},
	month = {December 2005},
	pages = {34-40},
	abstract = {This article discusses the use of blogging by Catholics{\textemdash}both clergy and laity members alike{\textemdash}as a means to express affection for the Pope, dedication to the Magisterium and devotion of God. The author discusses the advantages and shortcomings of the use of such technology for these purposes.},
	url = {http://www.firstthings.com/article/2007/01/god-on-the-internet-1},
	author = {Jonathan V. Last}
}
@article {2833,
	title = {$\#$AmplifyWomen: the emergence of an evangelical feminist public on social media},
	journal = {Feminist Media Studies},
	year = {2020},
	abstract = {This study conceptualizes the Twitter response to a Christianity Today article that challenged the role of female Christian bloggers as authoritative figures and centered around the hashtag $\#$AmplifyWomen, as an {\textquotedblleft}affective public{\textquotedblright}. It employs the method of {\textquotedblleft}hashtag ethnography{\textquotedblright} to investigate it. The article argues that this public points to the beginnings of a connective feminist movement in evangelicalism brought about by the affordances of digital media and makes two moves in service to this assertion. First, it explains that it is through a reliance on the tropes of postfeminism that Christian celebrity bloggers have achieved the level of charismatic authority that they have. And second it tracks how the affective public that emerged to defend them mobilized a tactical rhetoric to resist the dominant patriarchal structures of the traditionally conservative culture of white evangelicalism.
},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14680777.2020.1711794?journalCode=rfms20},
	author = {Laughlin, Corrina}
}
@inbook {151,
	title = {Allah On-Line: The Practice of Global Islam in the Information Age},
	booktitle = {Practicing Religion in the age of Media},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {237-253},
	publisher = {Columbia University Press},
	organization = {Columbia University Press},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {Increasingly, the religious practices people engage in and the ways they talk about what is meaningful or sacred take place in the context of media culture{\textemdash}in the realm of the so-called secular. Focusing on this intersection of the sacred and the secular, this volume gathers together the work of media experts, religious historians, sociologists of religion, and authorities on American studies and art history. Topics range from Islam on the Internet to the quasi-religious practices of Elvis fans, from the uses of popular culture by the Salvation Army in its early years to the uses of interactive media technologies at the Simon Wiesenthal Center{\textquoteright}s Beit Hashoah Museum of Tolerance. The issues that the essays address include the public/private divide, the distinctions between the sacred and profane, and how to distinguish between the practices that may be termed "religious" and those that may not.},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=YRq32w6JIBUC\&dq=Allah+On-Line:+The+Practice+of+Global+Islam+in+the+Information+Age\&source=gbs_navlinks_s},
	author = {Lawrence, Bruce. F}
}
@article {390,
	title = {Cultivating the Self in Cyberspace: The Use of Personal Blogs among Buddhist Priests},
	journal = {Journal of Media and Religion},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {97-114},
	abstract = {This research attempts to understand the Internet religious practices from the immanent perspective. Since previous research on this subject has been mainly transcendental, this study offers a challenging view using a different perspective. The exploration of cultivating the self in cyberspace revealed that the degree of self-cultivation varies contingent upon the given conditions and the technologies that the priests practice to interact with them. This research has a potential to further the exploration of the interaction of cyberspace and the inner self, expanding the boundary of the study beyond online religious practices. When cyberspace and the self are understood in the plane of consistency, the range of the study about the engagement of the self in the new media can be opened out. Understanding the notions of the process of territorializing intensities and technologies of the self, the engagement of the self in cyberspace can be more specifically developed.},
	keywords = {blogs, cyberspace, Self},
	url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15348420902881027$\#$preview},
	author = {Lee, J.}
}
@article {152,
	title = {Ritualwell.Org -- Loading the Virtual Canon, or: The Politics and Aesthetics of Jewish Women{\textquoteright}s Spirituality},
	journal = {Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women{\textquoteright}s Studies \& Gender Issues},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {101-125},
	keywords = {Jewish, Politics, Women},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/pss/40326620},
	author = {Lefkovitz, Lori. H and Shapiro, Rona}
}
@inbook {153,
	title = {Holy Pirates: Media, Ethnicity and Religious Renewal in Israel},
	booktitle = {Religion, Media \& the Public Sphere},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {91-111},
	publisher = {Indiana University Press},
	organization = {Indiana University Press},
	address = {Bloomington, IN},
	abstract = {"... one of those rare edited volumes that advances social thought as it provides substantive religious and media ethnography that is good to think with."{\textemdash}Dale Eickelman, Dartmouth College Increasingly, Pentecostal, Buddhist, Muslim, Jewish, Hindu, and indigenous movements all over the world make use of a great variety of modern mass media, both print and electronic. Through religious booklets, radio broadcasts, cassette tapes, television talk-shows, soap operas, and documentary film these movements address multiple publics and offer alternative forms of belonging, often in competition with the postcolonial nation-state. How have new practices of religious mediation transformed the public sphere? How has the adoption of new media impinged on religious experiences and notions of religious authority? Has neo-liberalism engendered a blurring of the boundaries between religion and entertainment? The vivid essays in this interdisciplinary volume combine rich empirical detail with theoretical reflection, offering new perspectives on a variety of media, genres, and religions.},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=bU7eHrQyHsUC\&pg=PA91\&lpg=PA91\&dq=Holy+Pirates:+Media,+Ethnicity+and+Religious+Renewal+in+Israel\&source=bl\&ots=iorCcB4re4\&sig=YbbmrHglY9hfIwlAzCTS6ZvayEU\&hl=en\&ei=HnuwTpffNselsAKn2cW9AQ\&sa=X\&oi=book_result\&ct=result\&resnum=},
	author = {Lehamann, David and Siebzehner, Batia}
}
@book {234,
	title = {The Guide to the Jewish Internet},
	year = {1996},
	publisher = {No Starch Press},
	organization = {No Starch Press},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	abstract = {Prepare to enter a cyber-neighborhood{\textemdash}a vast community of Jewish cooks, singles, kids, writers, musicians, sports lovers, travelers, history buffs, Holocaust survivors, religious students and families. Acclaimed novelist Michael Levin is your affable guide to the Jewish Internet, adding bits of Jewish culture and commentary to over 800 insightful reviews of Jewish oriented Internet resources, including webpages, gopher menus, FTP sites, and mailing lists.},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books/about/The_guide_to_the_Jewish_Internet.html?id=O-gTPwAACAAJ},
	author = {Levin, Michael}
}
@book {2809,
	title = {Prayer, Pop and Politics: Researching Religious Youth in Migration Society},
	series = {V\&r Unipress},
	year = {2019},
	abstract = {This interdisciplinary volume presents research at the intersection of religion, age and race and tackles the question what it is like to be young and religious in a migration society. The chapters{\textquoteright} foci range from digital and offline activism of religious youth to participatory action research projects on radicalisation prevention. The authors present research on various religious traditions, and apply an array of different theoretical angles including feminist, post- and de-colonial perspectives. In going one step further, the volume engages in the debate over novel conceptual frameworks attuned to investigate contemporary manifestations of youth religiosity, for example in digital spaces. The methodological chapters strongly advocate for reflexivity in the context of empirical research on religion in migration society. In discussing the implications of insider and outsider positions in research, as well as researchers{\textquoteright} privileges and the challenges in concept operationalization, it promotes a self-evaluative assessment of researchers{\textquoteright} positionalities.},
	url = {https://www.amazon.com/Prayer-Pop-Politics-Transformation-Contemporary/dp/3847109790},
	author = {Limacher, Katharina and Mattes, Astrid and Novak, Christoph}
}
@book {2971,
	title = {Authority: Construction and corrosion},
	year = {1994},
	publisher = {University of Chicago Press},
	organization = {University of Chicago Press},
	address = {Chicago},
	abstract = {What is authority? How is it constituted? How ought one understand the subtle (and sometimes not-so-subtle) relations between authority and coercion? Between authorized and subversive speech? In this fascinating and intricate analysis, Bruce Lincoln argues that authority is not an entity but an effect. More precisely, it is an effect that depends for its power on the combination of the right speaker, the right speech, the right staging and props, the right time and place, and an audience historically and culturally conditioned to judge what is right in all these instances and to respond with trust, respect, and even reverence.

Employing a vast array of examples drawn from classical antiquity, Scandinavian law, Cold War scholarship, and American presidential politics, Lincoln offers a telling analysis of the performance of authority, and subversions of it, from ancient times to the present. Using a small set of case studies that highlight critical moments in the construction of authority, he goes on to offer a general examination of "corrosive" discourses such as gossip, rumor, and curses; the problematic situation of women, who often are barred from the authorizing sphere; the role of religion in the construction of authority; the question of whether authority in the modern and postmodern world differs from its premodern counterpart; and a critique of Hannah Arendt{\textquoteright}s claims that authority has disappeared from political life in the modern world. He does not find a diminution of authority or a fundamental change in the conditions that produce it. Rather, Lincoln finds modern authority splintered, expanded, and, in fact, multiplied as the mechanisms for its construction become more complex{\textemdash}and more expensive.},
	url = {https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo3643337.html},
	author = {Lincoln, B.}
}
@inbook {193,
	title = {Internet and Religion. The Making of Meaning, Identity And Community Through Computer Mediated Communication},
	booktitle = {Mediating Religion: Conversations in Media, Culture and Religion},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {229-240},
	publisher = {T \& T Clark/Continuum. },
	organization = {T \& T Clark/Continuum. },
	address = {Edinburgh},
	abstract = {This is the first book to bring together many aspects of the interplay between religion, media and culture from around the world in a single comprehensive study. Leading international scholars provide the most up-to-date findings in their fields, and in a readable and accessible way. 37 essays cover topics including religion in the media age, popular broadcasting, communication theology, popular piety, film and religion, myth and ritual in cyberspace, music and religion, communication ethics, and the nature of truth in media saturated cultures.},
	author = {Linderman, Alf and L{\"o}vheim, Mia}
}
@article {2972,
	title = {Discursive legitimation of a controversial technology: Ultra-Orthodox Jewish women in Israel and the Internet},
	journal = {The Communication Review},
	year = {2007},
	abstract = {The introduction of the internet to ultra-Orthodox Jewish society has presented an acute dilemma. While seen as a potential carrier of secular values and officially banned, the internet also presents significant socio-economic opportunities for a community in which women are often the sole providers. This research focuses on the discursive strategies ultra-Orthodox women internet users employ to legitimate their use of this controversial technology. A glaring disparity was observed between these women{\textquoteright}s actual, subversive technology-related practices and the rhetorical construction of the same practices, which attempted to portray them as congruent with community values. We suggest that when investigating the domestication of new technologies, examining technology-related discourse may be no less important than the more common to date focus on practice.},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10714420601168467},
	author = {Livio, o. and Tenenboim Weinblatt, K.}
}
@article {1258,
	title = {Web of meanings: Dilemmatic aspects of ultra-orthodox Jewish women{\textquoteright}s discourse concerning the Internet},
	year = {2004},
	abstract = {Paper presented at Internet Research 5.0, University of Sussex, England.},
	keywords = {GENDER, internet, Israeli society, Jews, Modernity, Ultra-Orthodox Jewish},
	url = {http://gsb.haifa.ac.il/~sheizaf/AOIR5/92.html},
	author = {Oren Livio and Keren Tenenboim}
}
@book {236,
	title = {Shifting Realities: Information Technology and the Church},
	year = {1997},
	publisher = {WCC Publications},
	organization = {WCC Publications},
	address = {Geneva},
	abstract = {Information technology is changing the world in ways that profoundly affect us whether or not we ever use a computer. While some Christians greet these developments with enthusiasm and others with alarm, most seem to regard them with uncertainty and ambivalence. The author describes how churches are discovering ecumenical applications of new technologies, and explores the relation between Christian understandings of the "Word" and contemporary information technologies; the "underside" of information technology (threats to privacy and the availability of hate literature and pornography on the Internet); and what all this does to our perceptions of reality and the way the Christian gospel is communicated today.

},
	keywords = {Church, information, technology},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books/about/Shifting_realities.html?id=U2oQAQAAIAAJ},
	author = {Lochhead, David}
}
@article {2041,
	title = {Considering Critical Methods and Theoretical Lenses in Digital Religion Studies},
	journal = {New Media and Society},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {5-14},
	abstract = {This article introduces a special issue on critical methods and theoretical lenses in Digital Religion studies, through contextualising them within research trajectories found in this emerging field. By starting from the assertion that current {\textquotedblleft}fourth-wave of research on religion and the Internet,{\textquotedblright} is focused on how religious actors negotiate the relationships between multiple spheres of their online and offline lives, article authors spotlight key theoretical discussions and methodological approaches occurring within this interdisciplinary area of inquiry. It concludes with notable methodological and theoretical challenges in need of further exploration. Together it demonstrates how religion is practiced and reimagined within digital media spaces, and how such analysis can contribute to broader understanding of the social and cultural changes new media technologies are facilitating within society.},
	keywords = {Digital Religion, internet, media technologies, methodology, religion, theory},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1461444816649911},
	author = {L{\"o}vheim, M and Campbell, H}
}
@inbook {2112,
	title = {Media and religion: Bridging {\textquoteleft}incompatible agendas{\textquoteright}},
	booktitle = {Foundations and Futures in the Sociology of Religion},
	year = {2018},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	edition = {1},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {This chapter addresses the challenge of finding adequate theories for understanding the growing complexity of the religious situation in Europe and the rest of the world through discussing the insights that can be gained through engagement with theories of the role of media in contemporary society. Various forms of media have become pivotal arenas for the new visibility of religion in Europe. While sociologists of religion are becoming more sensitive to these developments, they continue to lack the conceptual tools to adequately analyse what this means for the role and presence of religion in contemporary society. Following Grace Davie{\textquoteright}s (2000) exploration of the incompatible agendas between sociologists of religion on the one hand and media scholars on the other, the aim of this chapter will be to highlight the changes currently taking place and the emerging potential for closer dialogue between these two factions in the future.},
	keywords = {media, religion},
	issn = {9781138092327},
	url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781351607391},
	author = {L{\"o}vheim, M}
}
@article {80,
	title = {Rethinking cyberreligion? Teens, religion and the Internet in Sweden},
	journal = {Nordicom Review},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {205-217},
	abstract = {Since the coming of the Internet scholars have been discussing its implications for the future of religion. With its high levels of Internet use and low levels of religious practice Sweden represents an interesting case for studying these issues. This article presents findings from the first online survey of Swedish teenager{\textquoteright}s use of the Internet for religious purposes, conducted at one of the largest social networking sites LunarStorm. The results show that more young people seem to come into contact with religion via the Internet than through local religious communities. However, the findings also challenge several early expectations about the Internet as a new arena for religion in contemporary society. Thus the article initiates a critical discussion of what conclusions may be drawn from these results, and where future research on young people, religion and the Internet should be directed.},
	keywords = {internet, religious change, social networking sites, Sweden, teenagers},
	url = {http://www.nordicom.gu.se/common/publ_pdf/269_lovheim.pdf},
	author = {Mia Lovheim}
}
@inbook {195,
	title = {A Space Set Apart? Young People Exploring The Sacred On The Internet},
	booktitle = {In Implications of the Sacred in (Post)Modern Media},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {252-272},
	publisher = {Nordicom},
	organization = {Nordicom},
	address = {G{\"o}teborg},
	author = {L{\"o}vheim, Mia}
}
@inbook {414,
	title = {Virtually boundless? Youth negotiating tradition in cyberspace},
	booktitle = {Everyday Religion. Observing Modern Religious Lives},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {83-100},
	publisher = {Oxford University},
	organization = {Oxford University},
	address = {Oxford, NY},
	abstract = {Social scientists sometimes seem not to know what to do with religion. In the first century of sociology{\textquoteright}s history as a discipline, the reigning concern was explaining the emergence of the modern world, and that brought with it an expectation that religion would simply fade from the scene as societies became diverse, complex, and enlightened. As the century approached its end, however, a variety of global phenomena remained dramatically unexplained by these theories. Among the leading contenders for explanatory power to emerge at this time were rational choice theories of religious behavior. Researchers who have spent time in the field observing religious groups and interviewing practitioners, however, have questioned the sufficiency of these market models. Studies abound that describe thriving religious phenomena that fit neither the old secularization paradigm nor the equations predicting vitality only among organizational entrepreneurs with strict orthodoxies. In this collection of previously unpublished essays, scholars who have been immersed in field research in a wide variety of settings draw on those observations from the field to begin to develop more helpful ways to study religion in modern lives. The authors examine how religion functions on the ground in a pluralistic society, how it is experienced by individuals, and how it is expressed in social institutions. Taken as a whole, these essays point to a new approach to the study of religion, one that emphasizes individual experience and social context over strict categorization and data collection.},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=KC5CuLD4mhwC\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {L{\"o}vheim, M.}
}
@book {2678,
	title = {Media, Religion and Gender: Key Issues and New Challenges},
	year = {2013},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	abstract = {Media, Religion and Gender presents a selection of eminent current scholarship that explores the role gender plays when religion, media use and values in contemporary society interact. The book:

surveys the development of research on media, religion and culture through the lens of key theoretical and methodological issues and debates within gender studies.
includes case studies drawn from a variety of countries and contexts to illustrate the range of issues, theoretical perspectives and empirical material involved in current work
outlines new areas and reflects on challenges for the future.
Students of media, religion and gender at advanced level will find this a valuable resource, as will scholars and researchers working in this important and growing field.},
	issn = {9780415504737},
	url = {https://www.routledge.com/Media-Religion-and-Gender-Key-Issues-and-New-Challenges/Lovheim/p/book/9780415504737},
	author = {L{\"o}vheim, Mia}
}
@inbook {155,
	title = {Young People, Religious Identity and the Internet},
	booktitle = {Religion Online: Finding Faith on the Internet},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {59-74},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {After sex, religion is one of the most popular and pervasive topics of interest online, with over three million Americans turning to the internet each day for religious information and spiritual guidance. Tens of thousands of elaborate websites are dedicated to every manner of expression. Religion Online provides an accessible and comprehensive introduction to this burgeoning new religious reality, from cyberpilgrimages to neo-pagan chatroom communities. A substantial introduction by the editors presenting the main themes and issues is followed by sixteen chapters addressing core issues of concern such as youth, religion and the internet, new religious movements and recruitment, propaganda and the countercult, and religious tradition and innovation. The volume also includes the Pew Internet and American Life Project Executive Summary, the most comprehensive and widely cited study on how Americans pursue religion online, and Steven O{\textquoteright}Leary{\textquoteright}s field-defining Cyberspace as SacredSpace.},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=xy0PJrrWXH4C\&pg=PA55\&lpg=PA55\&dq=Young+People,+Religious+Identity+and+the+Internet+mia\&source=bl\&ots=ahRdIXJ2nJ\&sig=zaywukrxddjH_1aANdHGap3io0I\&hl=en\&ei=m32wToyaM6zEsQLr2JXQAQ\&sa=X\&oi=book_result\&ct=result\&resnum=3\&ved=0CC},
	author = {L{\"o}vheim, Mia}
}
@article {235,
	title = {Young People and the Use of the Internet as Transitional Space},
	journal = {Online: Heidelberg Journal of Religion on the Internet},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {internet, Transition, Young},
	url = {http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/volltextserver/volltexte/2005/5826/pdf/Loevheim3.pdf},
	author = {Mia Lovheim}
}
@inbook {672,
	title = {Identity },
	booktitle = {Digital Religion: Understanding Religious Practice in New Media Worlds},
	year = {2012},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {Digital Religion offers a critical and systematic survey of the study of religion and new media. It covers religious engagement with a wide range of new media forms and highlights examples of new media engagement in all five of the major world religions. From cell phones and video games to blogs and Second Life, the book:

    provides a detailed review of major topics
    includes a series of case studies to illustrate and elucidate the thematic explorations
    considers the theoretical, ethical and theological issues raised.

Drawing together the work of experts from key disciplinary perspectives, Digital Religion is invaluable for students wanting to develop a deeper understanding of the field.},
	keywords = {Digital, identity, religion},
	issn = {9780415676106 },
	author = {L{\"o}vheim, M.},
	editor = {Campbell, H.}
}
@article {2089,
	title = {The mediatisation of religion debate: an introduction},
	journal = {Culture and Religion~},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {111{\textendash}117},
	abstract = {Within the growing literature on religion and media, a more specific debate has recently developed in relation to the mediatisation of religion. The Danish scholar, Stig Hjarvard, has undertaken leading work in articulating a detailed theory of the mediatisation of religion, arguing that contemporary religion is increasingly mediated through secular, autonomous media institutions and is shaped according to the logics of those media. This special issue is the first extended discussion of Hjarvard{\textquoteright}s thesis by researchers working across different disciplines and areas of study. This introduction sets out the background and key concepts for this debate, discusses why the mediatisation of religion debate is important for sociological and cultural understandings of contemporary religion, and provides a brief summary of the arguments of the individual articles within this collection.},
	keywords = {mediatisation, religion},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14755610.2011.579715},
	author = {L{\"o}vheim, M and Lynch, G}
}
@mastersthesis {194,
	title = {Intersecting Identities: Young People, Religion and Interaction on the Internet},
	year = {2004},
	school = {Uppsala University},
	address = {Uppsala},
	abstract = {The growth of the Internet gave rise to many anticipations and apprehensions of how the new medium would affect the construction of meaning, individual identities, and social interaction. As humanity{\textquoteright}s oldest expression of existential meaning, religion provides a challenging case for such studies. This study approaches these issues through an analysis of how 15 young Swedish men and women experience and use a particular web community, the Site, in constructing religious identities. The study took place during the year 2000, through a combination of online observations, offline interviews and text analysis. Starting from Ammerman{\textquoteright}s concept of religious {\textquotedblleft}autobiographies{\textquotedblright} - the individual self as constructed in interactions with religious discourses throughout life - the study argues that the Internet can become a significant resource in this process, but that this possibility is structured by certain conditions. An analysis of the {\textquotedblright}repertoire of possibilities{\textquotedblright} of the Site {\textendash} formed by the range of discourses, social relations, rules of interaction, and mode of communication {\textendash} shows that these conditions contribute to polarized interactions and stereotyped identities, which restrict possibilities to further explore, question or reassess convictions and boundaries. The analysis of individual strategies for negotiating these conditions shows that intentions, dilemmas and competences in the individual{\textquoteright}s repertoire of experiences affect when, how and for whom the Internet can become this resource. Finally, the study points to some significant conditions in the offline context which affect the process. The study outlines a framework, based on Linderman{\textquoteright}s model of social semeiology, Slevin{\textquoteright}s theory of the Internet and cultural transmission, and Fairclough{\textquoteright}s discourse analysis, for the analysis of particular cases of meaning construction on the Internet. Furthermore, this framework suggests ways in which a case of religious identity construction on the Internet can be related to theories about transformation of religion and identities in late modern society.},
	author = {L{\"o}vheim, Mia}
}
@article {2973,
	title = {Gender, religion \& authority in digital media},
	journal = {Ruhr University-Bochum, Germany},
	year = {2019},
	url = {http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1381934/FULLTEXT01.pdf},
	author = {L{\"o}vheim, M.}
}
@article {2844,
	title = {The Mediatized Conditions of Contemporary Religion: Critical Status and Future Directions},
	journal = {Journal of Religion, Media and Digital Culture},
	year = {2019},
	abstract = {During the last decade the framework of mediatization theory has been introduced in the field of media, religion and culture as a parallel perspective to the {\textquotedblleft}mediation of religion{\textquotedblright} approach, allowing new questions to be posed that align with religious change within Europe. This article provides a critical review of existing research applying mediatization of religion theory, focusing on key issues raised by its critics as well as how the theory have moved the research field forward. These issues concern the concept of religion, institution and social change, religious authority, and the application of mediatization theory outside the North-Western European context where it originated. The article argues that an institutional approach to mediatization is a relevant tool for analyzing change as a dynamic process in which the logics of particular forms of media influence practices, values and relations within particular manifestations of religion across various levels of analysis.
},
	url = {https://brill.com/view/journals/rmdc/8/2/article-p206_206.xml?language=en},
	author = {L{\"o}vheim, Mia and Hjarvard, Stig}
}
@article {2084,
	title = {Mediatization: analyzing transformations of religion from a gender perspective},
	journal = {Media, Culture \& Society },
	volume = {38},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {18{\textendash}27},
	abstract = {This book presents new research on the changing relationship between the media, religion and culture from a Nordic perspective, while engaging with the theory of the mediatization of religion. In contemporary society, news journalism, film and television series, as well as new digital media, provide critical commentary on religion while also enabling new forms of religious imagery and interaction. Religious leaders, communities and individuals reflexively negotiate their presence within this new mediatized reality. In an increasingly globalized Nordic context, the media have also come to play an important role in the performance of both individual and social identities, and in the representation and development of social and religious conflicts. Through empirical analysis and theoretical discussions, scholars from film and media studies, the sociology of religion, and theology contribute to the development of the theory of the mediatization of religion as well as to the broader research field of media, religion and culture.},
	keywords = {GENDER, mediatization, public sphere, religion},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0163443715615411?journalCode=mcsa},
	author = {L{\"o}vheim, M}
}
@inbook {1220,
	title = {A Voice of Their Own. Young Muslim Women, Blogs and Religion },
	booktitle = {Mediatization and Religion: Nordic Perspectives},
	year = {2012},
	publisher = {Nordicom, G{\"o}teborgs universitet, G{\"o}teborg},
	organization = {Nordicom, G{\"o}teborgs universitet, G{\"o}teborg},
	chapter = {7},
	keywords = {blogs, Internet Mediatization of Religion, Islam, Media studies, mediatization of religion, Muslim Women and media, New Media and Society, new media research, Nordic perspective, religion and culture},
	issn = {978-91-86523-44-2},
	url = {http://www.nordicom.gu.se/?portal=mr\&main=info_publ2.php\&ex=357},
	author = {L{\"o}vheim, M}
}
@inbook {196,
	title = {Constructing Religious Identity on the Internet},
	booktitle = {Religion and Cyberspace},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {121-137},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {In the twenty-first century, religious life is increasingly moving from churches, mosques and temples onto the Internet. Today, anyone can go online and seek a new form of religious expression without ever encountering a physical place of worship, or an ordained teacher or priest. The digital age offers virtual worship, cyber-prayers and talk-boards for all of the major world faiths, as well as for pagan organisations and new religious movements. It also abounds with misinformation, religious bigotry and information terrorism. Scholars of religion need to understand the emerging forum that the web offers to religion, and the kinds of religious and social interaction that it enables. 
Religion and Cyberspace explores how religious individuals and groups are responding to the opportunities and challenges that cyberspace brings. It asks how religious experience is generated and enacted online, and how faith is shaped by factors such as limitless choice, lack of religious authority, and the conflict between recognised and non-recognised forms of worship. Combining case studies with the latest theory, its twelve chapters examine topics including the history of online worship, virtuality versus reality in cyberspace, religious conflict in digital contexts, and the construction of religious identity online. Focusing on key themes in this groundbreaking area, it is an ideal introduction to the fascinating questions that religion on the Internet presents.},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=KxSmkuySB28C\&pg=PA121\&lpg=PA121\&dq=Constructing+Religious+Identity+on+the+Internet+L{\"o}vheim,+Mia+and+Alf+G+Linderman\&source=bl\&ots=0g7sXyYEoJ\&sig=9_FLpZkhLatlN22RltlpIN4uA5s\&hl=en\&ei=_D-4TtyQHoqzsAKi8cntAw\&sa=X\&oi=book_resu},
	author = {L{\"o}vheim, Mia and Linderman, Alf G}
}
@inbook {517,
	title = {Contested Communication. Mediating the Sacred},
	booktitle = {Implications of the Sacred in (Post)Modern Media},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {43-62},
	publisher = {Nordicom},
	organization = {Nordicom},
	address = {Gothenburgh},
	abstract = {In recent years, there has been growing awareness across a range of academic disciplines of the value of exploring issues of religion and the sacred in relation to cultures of everyday life. Exploring Religion and the Sacred in a Media Age offers inter-disciplinary perspectives drawing from theology, religious studies, media studies, cultural studies, film studies, sociology and anthropology. Combining theoretical frameworks for the analysis of religion, media and popular culture, with focused international case studies of particular texts, practices, communities and audiences, the authors examine topics such as media rituals, marketing strategies, empirical investigations of audience testimony, and the influence of religion on music, reality television and the internet.Both academically rigorous and of interest to a wider readership, this book offers a wide range of fascinating explorations at the cutting edge of many contemporary debates in sociology, religion and media, including chapters on the way evangelical groups in America have made use of The Da Vinci Code and on the influences of religion on British club culture and electronic dance music.
},
	keywords = {Communication, media, Sacred},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=HRmYapWETqcC\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Lundby, Knut.}
}
@inbook {828,
	title = {Theoretical Framework for Approaching Religion and New Media},
	booktitle = {Digital Religion: Understand Religious Practice in New Media Worlds},
	number = {225-237},
	year = {2012},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	chapter = {Theoretical Framework for Approaching Religion and New Media},
	address = {London},
	keywords = {method, theory},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=ox4q7T59KikC\&pg=PA225\&dq=Digital+Religion+Theory+Knut+Lundby\&hl=en\&sa=X\&ei=Mo8EUeWGC6jzygHJ5oDgDQ\&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA$\#$v=onepage\&q=Digital\%20Religion\%20Theory\%20Knut\%20Lundby\&f=false},
	author = {Lundby, Knut}
}
@article {1281,
	title = {Transforming Faith-based Education in the Church of Norway:  Mediation of Religious Traditions and Practices in Digital Environments},
	journal = {Studies in World Christianity},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2006},
	chapter = {5},
	abstract = {The mediated life-world of children and youth in contemporary, media-rich societies raises challenges for Christian education. The specific {\textquoteright}digital environments{\textquoteright} of communication and social interaction with digital devices on digital networks make a critical context as well as new opportunities for religious education. In 2003 the parliament in Norway decided upon a reform of religious education outside the schools. The Christian churches, other religious communities and organised humanists were invited to make their own training programmes, to be funded by the government. In the white book to the parliament the government stated that use of digital technology and the Internet would be {\textquoteright}a natural part{\textquoteright} of the new faith-based education reform in the country. Digital environments challenge and transform the faith-based education. However, this new programme itself transforms religious education in Norway.},
	keywords = {Christian Churches, Christian education, digital environments, faith-based education, government, media societies},
	url = {http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/studies_in_world_christianity/v012/12.1lundby.html},
	author = {Knut Lundby}
}
@book {413,
	title = {Digital Storytelling, Mediatized Stories. Self-representations in New Media},
	year = {2008},
	publisher = {Peter Lang},
	organization = {Peter Lang},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {Recent years have seen amateur personal stories, focusing on {\guillemotleft}me, flourish on social networking sites and in digital storytelling workshops. The resulting digital stories could be called {\guillemotleft}mediatized stories. This book deals with these self-representational stories, aiming to understand the transformations in the age-old practice of storytelling that have become possible with the new, digital media. Its approach is interdisciplinary, exploring how the mediation or mediatization processes of digital storytelling can be grasped and offering a sociological perspective of media studies and a socio-cultural take of the educational sciences. Aesthetic and literary perspectives on narration as well as questioning from an informatics perspective are also included.},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=Sl_WM0tVV84C\&printsec=frontcover$\#$v=onepage\&q\&f=false},
	author = {Lundby, K.}
}
@inbook {1269,
	title = {Dreams of Church in Cyberspace},
	booktitle = {Digital religion, social media and culture: Perspectives, Practices and Futures},
	year = {2012},
	publisher = {Peter Lang Publishing},
	organization = {Peter Lang Publishing},
	chapter = {2},
	address = {New York},
	keywords = {Blogging, Church, cyberspace, mission, Networked individualism, social networks, virtual community, Virtual environments, Virtual World, virtuality},
	url = {http://www.peterlang.com/index.cfm?event=cmp.ccc.seitenstruktur.detailseiten\&seitentyp=produkt\&pk=60410\&concordeid=311474},
	author = {Knut Lundby}
}
@book {2672,
	title = {Mediatization of Communication},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	organization = {De Gruyter Mouton},
	abstract = {This handbook on Mediatization of Communication uncovers the interrelation between media changes and changes in culture and society. This is essential to understand contemporary trends and transformations.
"Mediatization" characterizes changes in practices, cultures and institutions in media-saturated societies, thus denoting transformations of these societies themselves.This volume offers 31 contributions by leading media and communication scholars from the humanities and social sciences, with different approaches to mediatization of communication. The chapters span from how mediatization meets climate change and contribute to globalization to questions on life and death in mediatized settings.The book deals with mass media as well as communication with networked, digital media.
The topic of this volume makes a valuable contribution to the understanding of contemporary processes of social, cultural and political changes.The handbook provides the reader with the most currentstate of mediatization research.},
	url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Mediatization_of_Communication.html?id=JnKWoAEACAAJ},
	author = {Lundby, Knut}
}
@inbook {2085,
	title = {Media and transformations of religion},
	booktitle = {Religion across Media: From Early Antiquity to Late Modernity},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {185{\textendash}202},
	publisher = {Peter Lang},
	organization = {Peter Lang},
	address = {New York},
	keywords = {media, religion},
	issn = {9781453910856},
	url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Religion_Across_Media.html?id=6yDUngEACAAJ},
	author = {Lundby, K}
}
@article {2131,
	title = {Religion between Politics and Media: Conflicting Attitudes towards Islam in Scandinavia},
	journal = {Journal of Religion in Europe},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {437-456},
	abstract = {Based on a comparative project on media and religion across Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, this article analyzes relationships between religiosity and political attitudes in Scandinavia and how these connect with attitudes regarding the representation of Islam in various media. Data comes from population-wide surveys conducted in the three countries in April 2015. Most Scandinavians relate {\textquoteleft}religion{\textquoteright} with conflict, and half of the population perceives Islam as a threat to their national culture. Scandinavians thus perceive religion in terms of political tensions and predominantly feel that news media should serve a critical function towards Islam and religious conflicts. Finally, the results of the empirical analysis are discussed in view of the intertwined processes of politicization of Islam and mediatization of religion.},
	keywords = {Islam, media, Politics, religion, Scandinavia},
	url = {http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/18748929-01004005},
	author = {Lundby, K and Hjarvard, S and L{\"o}vheim, M and Jernsletten, H.H}
}
@article {2810,
	title = {Unorganized atheism and the secular movement: reddit as a site for studying {\textquoteleft}lived atheism{\textquoteright}},
	journal = {Social Compass},
	year = {2019},
	abstract = {This article examines discussions on the reddit.com forum r/atheism in comparison with rhetoric found in contemporary atheist organizations and among leading figures within the atheist movement. We demonstrate how the culture of r/atheism converges with that of formal atheist cultures, most importantly regarding understandings of rationality and how religious people deviate from it, while highlighting areas of tension regarding how to relate to religion and religious people. We conclude that the social experience of community and belonging appears to be as important as other more instrumental goals commonly adopted by secular activists, and that tensions regarding the practice of atheism and the purpose of the forum correspond to tensions found in formal institutional contexts. We thus argue that while r/atheism is not directly or explicitly affiliated with atheist activism, overlap in the nature of discussion and debates is sufficient to consider the forum another window into the development of a general atheist culture practiced in institutional contexts and at the everyday level of {\textquoteleft}lived{\textquoteright} atheism.},
	url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0037768618816096},
	author = {Lundmark, Evelina and LeDrew, Stephen}
}
@article {2975,
	title = {Algorithmic authority: The ethics, politics, and economics of algorithms that interpret, decide, and manage},
	year = {2016},
	abstract = {CHI 2016 is the premier world-wide conference for Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and this year took place in the heart of Silicon Valley, San Jose, California. The Proceedings and Extended Abstracts represent today{\textquoteright}s most innovative, novel and creative work in HCI. These Proceedings and Abstracts have added over one-thousand documents in the ACM Digital Library. Across all tracks, CHI received nearly 5000 submissions and accepted over 1000 that can be seen today. These include almost 600 rigorously reviewed papers and notes selected from over 2200 submissions. These Proceedings and Abstracts also document two days of workshops, symposia and meetings involving over 800 participants, a record number for CHI conferences.

The CHI 2016 conference includes two days of focused workshops and four days of technical content, including CHI{\textquoteright}s prestigious technical program, with 16 parallel sessions of rigorously reviewed research Papers, engaging Panels, Case Studies and Special Interest Groups (SIGs), Conference highlights also include student research, design, and game competitions, and last-minute SIGs for discussing current topics. The popular alt.chi forum enters its eleventh year of provocation within the HCI community. The conference also showcases Interactivity and Interactivity Research Demos, which are hands-on demonstrations of the best in technology and innovation. And we{\textquoteright}re particularly proud this year to include documents from our new Art Exhibition, held at the Works/San Jose Gallery in conjunction with the CHI conference.

We began our conference planning process with three core ideas: "CHI in Silicon Valley": emphasizing local engagement in this vibrant community, "$\#$chiforgood": HCI in the community, both during the workshop time and at appropriate points during the conference, and a "More Humane Conference and Planning Process": lots of transparency, early planning, no surprises, data-driven decisions and taking into account the importance of families, work/life balance, and the like.

From this, the overall theme of the conference emerged, $\#$chi4good: addressing issues of social good through the innovation and creativity of the CHI community. To this end we held a Day of Service on the Saturday before the conference with hundreds of CHI attendees working on projects for non-profit and area arts organizations, and we have continued that theme throughout the conference by hosting the Diversity and Inclusion Lunch, brought childcare back to the conference for the first time in many years, and introduced the lunch@chi program to facilitate small group lunches on the first day of the conference. We{\textquoteright}ve introduced CHI{\textquoteright}s first Diversity \& Inclusion Statement, and our keynote speakers, represent the vibrancy, diversity and excitement of the wide field of HCI with particular emphasis on $\#$chi4good. This year{\textquoteright}s speakers were chosen from among crowd-sourced suggestions from the CHI community and they are: Dayo Olopade, (Journalist and author of The Bright Continent); Kimberly Bryant (Founder, Black Girls Code), in conversation with Sarah Guthals, (Co-Founder of ThoughtSTEM); Marissa Meyer (President \& CEO of Yahoo), in conversation with Terry Winograd (Professor Emeritus, Stanford University); Vishal Sikka (CEO of Infosys), in conversation with computing pioneer Alan Kay (Viewpoints Research Institute); and Salman Khan (founder, Khan Academy).

With careful consultation from the community, we have enhanced the CHI conference experience from submission and review processes, to more participation possibilities at the conference. Peer-reviewed papers have more space for references and will receive a wider range of better-matched reviews. There are more curated venues and more input into the selection of keynote speakers.},
	doi = {doi:10.1145/2851581.2886426},
	url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/2851581},
	author = {Lustig, C. and Pine, K. and Nardi, B. and Irani, L. and Lee, M. K. and Nafus, D. and Sandvig, C.}
}
@article {2974,
	title = {Algorithmic authority: The case of bitcoin},
	year = {2015},
	url = {https://artifex.org/~bonnie/lustig_nardi_HICSS_2015.pdf},
	author = {Lustig, K. and Nardi, B.}
}
@book {2830,
	title = {The Sacred in the Modern World: A Cultural Sociological Approach},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	organization = {Oxford University Press},
	abstract = {The central aim of this book is to provide a theoretical framework for using the concept of the sacred as a tool for social and cultural analysis. It differentiates between ontological theories of the sacred which locate the sacred in the essence of the cosmos or the human person, and a cultural sociological approach which understands the sacred as culturally constructed. Adopting the latter, a critical re-reading is given of Emile Durkheim{\textquoteright}s understanding of the sacred, and of later theoretical contributions made by Edward Shils, Robert Bellah, and Jeffrey Alexander. Using this framework, the intersection of multiple sacred forms is used to analyse the cultural meanings surrounding the systemic abuse and neglect of children within the Irish industrial school system. The role of public media in circulating sacred meanings is also discussed, and the case of the BBC{\textquoteright}s refusal to air a humanitarian appeal for Gaza in 2009 is explored to demonstrate the tensions between the sacred function of public media and journalistic notions of impartiality. The book concludes by examining whether human society without sacred forms is possible, and argues that the communicative structure of the sacred underlies the very notion of moral, human society. A critical approach to the sacred is required which involves both a recognition of the harm that can be done through the pursuit of sacred commitments, and the development of critical practices that make it possible to understand the significance of the sacred in social life.},
	keywords = {child abuse, cultural sociology, Edward Shils, Emile Durkheim, industrial schools, Jeffrey Alexander, media, Robert Bellah, Sacred},
	url = {https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199557011.001.0001/acprof-9780199557011},
	author = {Lynch, Gordon}
}
@inbook {2117,
	title = {Digital Catholicism: The Internet and the Vatican},
	booktitle = { Global Catholicism in the Twenty-first Century},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {31-46},
	publisher = {Springer Singapore },
	organization = {Springer Singapore },
	abstract = {This chapter argues that the Catholic Church{\textquoteright}s presence on the Internet contributes to the formation of {\textquotedblleft}digital Catholicism{\textquotedblright}, an engagement by the Church with the users of the digital domain through online technologies in a post-secular world. The Vatican{\textquoteright}s website includes a wide range of information, from papal encyclicals to the latest feed from the Pope{\textquoteright}s Twitter account. The website poses a number of questions relevant to the study of religion in a digital age: How is the website{\textquoteright}s construction modelled on the corporate structure of the real-world Church? How does the website{\textquoteright}s design reflect the Church{\textquoteright}s geographic relationship to its members? And to what degree does the website encourage interaction with its users? The chapter critically assesses these questions, and how the Vatican website contributes to the Catholic Church{\textquoteright}s concern, especially since the aggiornamento of Vatican II, to keep the Church relevant in the context of secularisation. Furthermore, how the website reflects the Church{\textquoteright}s awareness of the importance of new communication technologies in a post-secular landscape, as expressed in the Vatican II documents Inter Mirifica and Communio et Progressio, and more recently {\textquotedblleft}The Church and Internet{\textquotedblright}, is assessed. Finally, unofficial Catholic websites, those run by laypeople seeking to raise awareness about issues important to them, will be analysed as examples of Internet use for religious purposes that lies outside of the control of religious organisations such as the Catholic Church. },
	keywords = {Catholicism, Digital Religion, internet, Vatican},
	issn = {9789811078026},
	url = {https://books.google.com/books/about/Global_Catholicism_in_the_Twenty_first_C.html?id=sHNLDwAAQBAJ},
	author = {Lynch, A.P.}
}
@article {362,
	title = {Would God Use Email?},
	journal = {Zadok Perspectives},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {20-23},
	abstract = {Email is an ever-present tool of communication. It is used in business, among community groups, between friends and within families. But what is appropriate use? Are there occasions when email is inappropriate? David Lyon suggests a framework for answering these questions. },
	keywords = {email, God, religion},
	url = {http://www.zadok.org.au/perspectives/issue71/articles/lyon.shtml},
	author = {Lyon, D.}
}
