@article {514,
	title = {Cyberspace as Sacred Space. Communicating Religion on Computer Networks},
	journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Religion},
	volume = {64},
	year = {1996},
	keywords = {Communication, Computer, cyberspace, networks},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1465622?uid=3739536\&uid=2129\&uid=2\&uid=70\&uid=4\&uid=3739256\&sid=56265187143},
	author = {O{\textquoteright}Leary, Stephen.D.}
}
@inbook {329,
	title = {Utopian and Dystopian Possibilities of Networked Religion in the New Millennium},
	booktitle = {Religion and Cyberspace},
	year = {2005},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {In the twenty-first century, religious life is increasingly moving from churches, mosques and temples onto the Internet. Today, anyone can go online and seek a new form of religious expression without ever encountering a physical place of worship, or an ordained teacher or priest. The digital age offers virtual worship, cyber-prayers and talk-boards for all of the major world faiths, as well as for pagan organisations and new religious movements. It also abounds with misinformation, religious bigotry and information terrorism. Scholars of religion need to understand the emerging forum that the web offers to religion, and the kinds of religious and social interaction that it enables. 
Religion and Cyberspace explores how religious individuals and groups are responding to the opportunities and challenges that cyberspace brings. It asks how religious experience is generated and enacted online, and how faith is shaped by factors such as limitless choice, lack of religious authority, and the conflict between recognised and non-recognised forms of worship. Combining case studies with the latest theory, its twelve chapters examine topics including the history of online worship, virtuality versus reality in cyberspace, religious conflict in digital contexts, and the construction of religious identity online. Focusing on key themes in this groundbreaking area, it is an ideal introduction to the fascinating questions that religion on the Internet presents.},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=KxSmkuySB28C\&pg=PA38\&lpg=PA38\&dq=Utopian+and+Dystopian+Possibilities+of+Networked+Religion+in+the+New+Millennium\&source=bl\&ots=0g7zXrZxlO\&sig=SuX0DgKTL_ZpkHsi9d-LKtdnTrM\&hl=en\&sa=X\&ei=YP8hT5juF-jq2AXqybnfDg\&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAQ},
	author = {O{\textquoteright}Leary, S}
}
@article {2144,
	title = {Online Ultra-Orthodox Religious Communities as a Third Space: A Netnographic Study},
	journal = {International Journal of Communication },
	volume = {11},
	year = {2017},
	abstract = {This research applies a netnographic approach to explore the extent to which online communities function as a third space that supports a networked religion. Five months of observation at a leading online ultra-Orthodox Jewish forum revealed four chief characteristics: religious{\textendash}secular discussion{\textemdash}the forum served as a platform for religious discourse as well as a sphere for discussing a wide range of subjects unrelated to religion; identity game{\textemdash}members constantly played two types of identity games: personal and group; intense activity{\textemdash}the forum was characterized by rather intense activity patterns; and a unique religious expressiveness{\textemdash}this was reflected in textual and visual representations and exhibited in online debates. Findings indicate that the forum offers its members a third space of digital religion that is hybrid in any possible sense and reinforces a lively networked religion. While it aims at enabling serious discussion of religious matters, it also serves members as a social sphere in which they can communicate about extrareligious issues; express their personalities, skills and opinions; and even play with their anonymous peers.},
	keywords = {Judaism, netnography, networked religion, online communities, Spirituality, third space, ultra-Orthodox},
	url = {http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/6515},
	author = {Okun, S and Nimrod, G}
}
@article {1311,
	title = {The Essentiality of {\textquotedblleft}Culture{\textquotedblright} in the Study of Religion and Politics},
	journal = {Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion},
	volume = {50},
	year = {2011},
	chapter = {639},
	abstract = {This article reviews various theoretical approaches political scientists employ in the analysis of religion and politics and posits culture as a conceptual bridge between competing approaches. After coming to the study of religion slowly in comparison with other social science disciplines, political science finally has a theoretically diverse and thriving religion and politics subfield. However, political scientists{\textquoteright} contributions to the social scientific study of religion are hampered by a lack of agreement about whether endogenous or exogenous theoretical approaches ought to dominate our scholarship. I assert that the concept of culture{\textemdash}and more specifically, subculture{\textemdash}might help create more connections across theoretical research traditions. I emphasize how the concept of religion-based subculture is inherent in psychological, social psychological, social movement, and contextual approaches to religion and politics scholarship, and I explore these theoretical connections using the example of religion-based {\textquotedblleft}us versus them{\textquotedblright} discourses in contemporary American politics.},
	keywords = {analysis, culture, Politics, religion, Research, Sociology of religion, study of religion, theoretical approaches},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2011.01608.x/abstract},
	author = {Laura R. Olson}
}
@article {525,
	title = {Cyberethics: New challenges or old problems},
	journal = {Concilium},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {15-26},
	keywords = {cyberspace, ethics},
	author = {Ottmar, J.}
}
@book {2878,
	title = {Media, Religion and Gender: Key Issues and New Challenges},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {Routledge},
	organization = {Routledge},
	abstract = {Media, Religion and Gender presents a selection of eminent current scholarship that explores the role gender plays when religion, media use and values in contemporary society interact. The book:






surveys the development of research on media, religion and culture through the lens of key theoretical and methodological issues and debates within gender studies.




includes case studies drawn from a variety of countries and contexts to illustrate the range of issues, theoretical perspectives and empirical material involved in current work




outlines new areas and reflects on challenges for the future.



Students of media, religion and gender at advanced level will find this a valuable resource, as will scholars and researchers working in this important and growing field.},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243214524301},
	url = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0891243214524301},
	author = {Mia L {\"o}vheim}
}
@article {2992,
	title = {Vatican warning on danger of {\textquotedblleft}online confession.{\textquotedblright}},
	journal = {The Sunday Times Online},
	year = {2003},
	url = {https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/vatican-warning-on-danger-of-online-confession-3pz0r22h67r},
	author = {Owen, R.}
}
@inbook {201,
	title = {The Unknown God of the Internet},
	booktitle = {Philosophical Perspectives on Computer-Mediated Communication},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {233-269},
	publisher = {State University of New York Press},
	organization = {State University of New York Press},
	address = {Albany, New York},
	url = {http://books.google.com/books?id=5Wvz4H5b9ZwC\&pg=PA233\&lpg=PA233\&dq=Philosophical+Perspectives+on+Computer-Mediated+Communication+The+Unknown+God+of+the+Internet\&source=bl\&ots=SYrSfjXL9N\&sig=4htM5XAgHkiqQ_Fdofsx0pDZr5U\&hl=en\&ei=Wou4Tpz7GfOasgLV473-Aw\&sa=X},
	author = {O{\textquoteright}Leary, Stephen and Brasher, Brenda}
}
@article {200,
	title = {Cyberspace as Sacred Space: Communicating Religion on Computer Networks},
	journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Religion},
	volume = {64},
	year = {1996},
	pages = {781-808},
	url = {http://jaar.oxfordjournals.org/content/LXIV/4/781.full.pdf+html},
	author = {O{\textquoteright}Leary, Stephen}
}
